【网络强国这十年】动画｜摆脱纸上谈兵！带你看看网络安全实战精兵需要哪些“必杀技”******
当前，网络空间安全面临的形势复杂多变，以窃取敏感数据、破坏关键信息基础设施为目标的有组织网络攻击愈演愈烈。我国正在迎来数字经济的发展浪潮，千行百业的数字化转型，都需要有网络安全的坚实保障。
网络空间的竞争，归根结底是人才的竞争。数据显示，到2027年，我国网络安全人员缺口将达327万，而高校人才培养规模仅为3万/年。在网络安全人才缺口中，实战型人才缺乏的问题更为突出。有高达92%的企业认为其缺乏网络安全实战人才。这也成为整个数字化转型过程中亟需解决的重要命题。
网络安全人才要有综合实战能力
在2022年国家网络安全宣传周期间发布的《网络安全人才实战能力白皮书》从当前国内网络安全人才状况、人才的攻防实战能力、用人单位的实战能力需求、如何提升人才的攻防实战能力、如何评价提升人才的攻防实战能力、“政、企、学、研”如何共同培养实战人才等方面，通过翔实数据和面向不同群体调研，以及各领域专家学者的认真编撰，为党政机关、重要行业、企事业单位及高校等单位的人才建设战略提供重要参考。
从业务需求出发，将网络安全人才实战能力归纳为“攻防实战能力”“漏洞挖掘能力”“工程开发能力”“战效评估能力”四种类型。
其中，本次白皮书将重点聚焦的攻防实战能力定义为，在真实业务场景中，利用网络空间安全技术和工具开展安全监测与分析、风险评估、渗透测试事件研判、安全运维、应急响应等工作的能力。这需要网络安全人才掌握各类安全标准的落地实践经验，可以熟练使用网络安全技术和工具，为具体业务开展风险评估，提供安全落地规划指导和建议。
同时，网络安全人才还应具备一定的调查取证能力，能够在受到攻击后收集、处理、保存、分析并呈现计算机攻击相关证据，为后续的攻击溯源或案件侦查提供帮助。
网络安全人才市场供需仍不匹配
白皮书显示，从人才的需求侧来看，网络安全攻防实战人才面临严重缺口。以往很多用人单位不仅专业岗位人员配置不足，还有很多岗位是“兼职人员”，实战能力严重匮乏。数据显示，当前对网络安全人才的需求，能源行业的需求量位列第一，在细分行业中占比为21%，其次是通信、政法、金融、交通、医疗卫生、网安企业等行业。
预计未来3至5年内，具备实战技能的安全运维人员与高水平网络安全专家，将成为网络安全人才市场中最为稀缺和抢手的资源，加强网络安全攻防实战人才的培养已成为行业共识。
人才培养从实践中来往实战中去
网络安全竞赛、实网攻防演练、众测与应急响应，都是近年来我国广泛开展的网络安全实践模式。其中，网络安全竞赛具有强实践性、创新性、对抗性的特点，近年已成为全面检验和提升攻防实战能力的重要方式之一，“以赛促学、以赛代练”理念也帮助一线人员摆脱“纸上谈兵”的困境，在实际工作场景中更加得心应手。
科学系统地培养攻防实战人才，应首先建立统一的网络安全攻防实战能力框架，同时通过“竞赛选拔、分类提高、职业引导”的方式，将竞赛、众测、攻防演练、技术分享等方式相结合，形成常态化的攻防人才成长通道。
同时，网络安全是一门综合性学科，借鉴国外经验，提出ASK-P模型，将网络安全人才培养分为意识（Awareness）、技能（Skill）、知识（Knowledge）、实践（Practice）四个维度，旨在培养多学科融会贯通，具备综合实战能力的复合型人才。
监制：张宁 李政葳 策划：孔繁鑫 制作：刘昊
中新网评：美国众议长选举“连续剧”暴露美式民主痼疾******
中新网北京1月9日电(蒋鲤)在15轮投票表决后，美国众议院议长选举这场“连续剧”终于落下帷幕，众议院共和党领袖凯文·麦卡锡最终成功当选第55任美国众议院议长。这是美国国会过去164年来耗时最久的一次议长选举记录，将美国“对抗式民主”的弊端暴露无遗。
资料图：美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者 沙晗汀摄
由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素，众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中，美国民主党议员继续抱团，多轮投票中，一票不投麦卡锡，共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。
麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折，除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外，与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。
一方面，共和党党内反对者认为，麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱，无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府，另一方面，因为共和党的多数优势微弱，党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大，有利于他们巩固自己的选票。
此外，党内反对者也认为，自己的选票没有换取更多利益，希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步，比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。
作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物，众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任，选举几乎没有悬念。然而，麦卡锡此次为当选，不得不做出多个关键让步，其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制，使得众议长的权力被削弱，难以掌控众议院。
美国有线电视新闻网CNN称，麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步，这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。
这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下，党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上，美国两党相互拆台，陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内，也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系，相互对抗，选票变成了谋利益的工具。
从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举，“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈，长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力，其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。
两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病，美国所谓的“民主”形象，让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举，变成了政客们利益置换的游戏，进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能，不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。
House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy
(ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".
The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.
Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.
On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.
On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.
Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.
As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.
But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.
CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.
This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.
Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.
From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.
Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.
The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.
